Cervical cancer is a quickly progressing cancer that occurs in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. Cervical cancer can be detected through a number of methods, including screening tests and diagnostic exams.
Screening tests for cervical cancer include pap tests and HPV tests. A pap test, also known as a pap smear, is a test that examines cells from the cervix for any abnormalities. During a pap test, a healthcare provider will use a small brush to collect cells from the surface of the cervix. These cells are then examined under a microscope for any changes.
An HPV test is a test that looks for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the cervix. HPV is a common virus that can cause cervical cancer. During an HPV test, a healthcare provider collects cells from the cervix and sends them to a laboratory to be tested for the presence of HPV.
If screening tests suggest the presence of abnormal cells or HPV, a healthcare provider may recommend further diagnostic exams, including a biopsy. A biopsy involves removing a small piece of tissue from the cervix to be examined for the presence of cancer cells. There are different types of biopsies, including a punch biopsy or cone biopsy.
Further imaging tests may also be necessary, including an MRI, CT scan or PET scan. These tests can provide greater detail on the extent of the cancer and help determine the best course of treatment.
It is important for individuals to regularly receive cervical cancer screenings in order to detect any abnormalities early on. If you are concerned about cervical cancer or have any symptoms, such as abnormal bleeding or pain during sex, it is important to speak with a healthcare provider as soon as possible. Early detection and treatment can significantly improve outcomes for individuals with cervical cancer.